Buildability and Constructability Framework

Since 2001, BCA has implemented the Building Control (Buildability and Productivity) Regulations to enhance productivity in the built environment sector and reduce manpower dependence. This legislation includes the Buildability framework, which promotes collaboration between the architects and engineers to develop designs that facilitate more efficient usage of manpower. To ensure that productivity initiatives developed upstream are executed effectively, BCA established the Constructability framework, which guides builders in implementing labour-saving construction methods during the construction phase.

Building projects with Gross Floor Area (GFA) of 5,000m² and above are required to comply with minimum Buildable Design Scores (B-Score) and Constructability Scores (C-Score).

Buildable Design Score (B-Score)

The Buildable Design Score (B-Score) evaluates the extent of productive technologies and buildable features incorporated in a building design. It facilitates the adoption of labour efficient construction methods and promotes greater use of prefabricated, modular and standardised building components.

To accelerate the adoption of more labour-efficient designs and technologies such as Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA), the minimum B-Scores have been progressively raised over the years. 

Please refer to the relevant Code of Practice on Buildability under ‘Resources and Tools’ for the minimum B-Score required for your project.

Constructability Score (C-Score)

The Constructability Score (C-Score) measures the level of adoption of labour-saving construction methods and construction processes, such as system formwork and climbable scaffolding.

Please refer to the relevant Code of Practice on Buildability under ‘Resources and Tools’ for the minimum C-Score required for your project.

Integrated Buildability and Constructability Framework (B+C) Pilot

As the industry shifts towards Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA), there are opportunities to enhance project execution for optimised project delivery. BCA is developing an integrated Buildability and Constructability (B+C) framework to transform industry practices by shifting constructability and manufacturing considerations into planning and design, supported by Integrated Digital Delivery (IDD) and Robotics and Automation (R&A). 

BCA is conducting a voluntary pilot to familiarise the industry with the framework and requirements and solicit feedback for refinement of the framework, before implementation. Building projects with Gross Floor Area (GFA) of 5,000m² are eligible for participation. We seek industry’s participation in the pilot and provide feedback. For more detailed information, please download the information kit under ‘Resources and Tools’. Register your interest here (opens in new tab). 

Resources and Tools

• Building Control (Buildability and Productivity) Regulations (opens in new tab) 

• Code of Practice on Buildability: Document that sets out the Buildability requirements and submission procedures

• Guide to Buildable Design Appraisal System (BDAS) and Constructability Appraisal System (CAS) [PDF, 2.37 MB] (opens in new tab): Guidelines on computation for B-Score and C-Score based on Code of Practice on Buildability 2022

• System Formwork Productivity Bands (opens in new tab): System formworks are classified into different bandings to reflect their relative productivity

• Pilot Integrated Buildability and Constructability Framework (B+C): Information Kit, (opens in new tab) Submission Form (opens in new tab), Submission Template (opens in new tab)

Submission Forms